Wiring Material: August 2014

Sunday, August 31, 2014

Build 10 Watt Audio Power Amplifier Circuit

10W Audio Power Amplifier Circuit

Build

10W PA.The 10 watts power amplifier schema by transistor describe here is an audio amplifier with output power of 10W.Used as a low frequency class AB Amplifier. Transistor has high output current and very low distortion.This 10W audio amplifier schema diagram using Transistor is good for small room or car audio system.This schema is a general-purpose 10W audio amplifier for moderate-power PA or modulator use in an AM transmitter.

With higher voltages and a change in bias resistors,up to 30 W can be obtained.

Build a Isolated 15V To 2500V Power Supply Wiring diagram Schematic

Build a Isolated 15V To 2500V Power Supply Circuit Diagram. A dc-dc converter using a 74HC04 drives Tl. Tl is a ferrite-core transformer using a Fair-Rite, Inc. P/N 5975000201 (uo + 5000) and has a 7-turn primary and a 25-turn secondary. Kynar, #30 wirewrap wire is used. With Tl, the schema isolation is good to 2500 V.

Isolated 15V To 2500V Power Supply Circuit Diagram

Isolated

Wiring Diagram of 1957 Nash Ambassador

The next wiring schematic is the 1957 Nash Ambassador wiring diagram. As you can see for yourself, this wiring diagram is very clear, every parts names are clear, also the connections are clear.

Wiring Diagram of 1957 Nash Ambassador

Check out the parts contained inside, they are including: instrument panel light switch, gas gauge tank unit, generator indicator, temperature gauge, instrument light, left direction indicator, gear selector light, hi beam indicator, flasher, circuit breaker, dome light & switch, backup light, etc.

Saturday, August 30, 2014

Solar Hot Water Panel Differential Pump Controller

This schema optimises the circulation of heated water from solar hot water panels to a storage cylinder. It achieves this by controlling a 12V DC pump, which is switched on at a preset temperature differential of 8°C and off at about 4°C. This method of control has distinct advantages over some systems that run the pump until the differential approaches 0°C. In such systems, the pump typically runs whenever the sun shines. A small 10W solar panel charging a 12V SLA battery is sufficient to run the controller. Most commercial designs use 230VAC pumps, which of course don’t work when there is a power outage or there is no AC power at the site.

solar-hot-water-panel

Operation:

Temperature sensors TS1 & TS2 are positioned to measure the highest and lowest water temperatures, with one at the panel outlet and the other at the base of the storage cylinder. The difference between the sensor outputs is amplified by op amp IC1d, which is configured for a voltage gain of about 47. As the sensors produce 10mV/°C, a difference of 8°C will produce about 3.76V at the op amp’s output (pin 14). The output from IC1d is fed into the non-inverting input (pin 10) of a second op amp stage (IC1c), which is wired as a voltage comparator. The op amp’s inverting input (pin 9) is tied to a reference voltage, which can be varied by trimpot VR3. When the voltage from IC1d exceeds the reference voltage, the output of the comparator (pin 8) swings towards the positive rail.

A 10MW resistor feeds a small portion of the output signal back to the non-inverting input, adding some hysteresis to the schema to ensure positive switching action. A third op amp stage (IC1b) acts as a unity-gain buffer. When the comparator’s output goes high, the buffer stage switches the Mosfet (Q1) on, which in turn energises the pump motor. Mosfet Q1’s low drain-source on-state resistance means that in most cases, it won’t need to be mounted on a heatsink. The prototype uses a Davies Craig EBP 12V magnetic drive pump, which draws about 1A when running and is suitable for low-pressure hot water systems only (don’t use it for mains-pressure systems as it may burst!). For mains-pressure systems, the author suggests the SID 10 range of brass-body magnetic drive pumps from Ivan Labs USA.

Circuit diagram:

solar-hot-water-panel-differential-pump

Solar Hot Water Panel Differential Pump Controller Circuit Diagram

Setup:

Each LM335 temperature sensor and its associated trimpot is glued to a small copper strip using high-temperature epoxy. It is then waterproofed with silicon sealant and encapsulated in heatshrink tubing. Standard twin-core shielded microphone cable can be used for the connection to the schema board. Before sealing the two units, adjust their trimpots to get 2.98V at 25°C [(ambient temperature x .01) + 2.73V] between the "+" and "-" terminals. When both have been adjusted, clamp them together and allow their temperatures to stabilise for a few minutes. Next, measure the output voltage from the differential amplifier (IC1d), which should be close to 0V. If not, tweak one of the pots until it is.

Separate the two and warm the panel sensor (TS1), monitoring the output of IC1d. You should see a marked increase in voltage, remembering that an 8°C difference between the sensors should give an output of about 3.76V. The pump switch-on point is set by VR3 and can be adjusted over a practical range of about 4-10°C differential (1.88-4.70V). Adjust VR3 to get about 3.8V on pin 9 of IC1c as a starting point. If set too low and the panels are located far from the cylinder, much of the heat will be lost in the copper connecting pipes. On the other hand, if set too high and the weather is mostly cloudy, then the pump will not switch on very often, as the panels will not get hot enough. For best results, use copper pipes for the panel plumbing and insulate them with tubes of closed-cell foam.

As the pipes cool down between pump operations, small diameter pipes of 15mm are more efficient than larger sizes as they contain less static water. In practice, the pump in the author’s setup switches on for about 30 seconds every 4-5 minutes. As the Davies pump shifts 13 litres/minute, it displaces the heated water from a single panel in about 14 seconds. There is a thermal lag in the sensor readings, so after the pump stops, the temperature difference will keep decreasing for 40 seconds or so as the panel sensor cools down and the cylinder sensor heats up.

Source by : Streampowers

3 Level Audio Power Indicator Circuits Wiring diagram

This schema is designed to indicate the power level output of any audio amplifier. Its simple, portable, and displays three power levels can be adjusted to any desired value.

3 Level Audio Power Indicator Circuits Diagram

Parts:

R1__________100K1/4W Resistor

R2___________50K1/2W Trimmer Cermet

R3__________330K1/4W Resistor

R4____________1M21/4W Resistor

R5__________470K1/4W Resistor

R6,R7_______500K1/2W Trimmers Cermet

R8____________1K51/4W Resistor

R9-R11______470R1/4W Resistors

C1___________47pF63V Ceramic Capacitor

C2__________100nF63V Polyester Capacitor

C3___________47µF25V Electrolytic Capacitor

C4____________1µF25V Electrolytic Capacitor

D1______BZX79C5V1 5.1V 500mW Zener Diode

D2_________1N414875V 150mA Diode

D3-D5________3mm.Yellow LEDs

IC1_________LM339Quad Voltage Comparator IC

SW1__________SPSTSlider Switch

B1_____________9VPP3

Clip for 9V PP3 Battery

Circuit operation:

This schema is intended to indicate the power output level of any audio amplifier. It is simple, portable, and displays three power levels that can be set to any desired value. For a standard HiFi stereo power amplifier like the 25W Audio Amplifier described in these pages, the power output values suggested are as follows:

D5 illuminates at 2W
D4 illuminates at 12.5W
D3 illuminates at 24.5W

The above values were chosen for easy setup, but other settings are possible.
IC1A is the input buffer, feeding 3 voltage comparators and LEDsdrivers by means of a variable dc voltage obtained by R5 and C4 smoothing action. In order to achieve setting stability, the supply of IC1 and trimmers R6 & R7 is reduced and clamped to 5.1V by Zener diode D1.

Notes:

The simplest way to connect this schema to the amplifier output is to use a twisted pair cable terminated with two insulated crocodile clips.
Setup is best accomplished with an oscilloscope or an audio millivoltmeter like the one described in these pages. Precision Audio Millivoltmeter
A 1KHz sine wave generator with variable output is also required (see a suitable schema in this website also). 1KHz Sinewave Generator
Connect the generator to the amplifiers input and the Audio Power Indicator to the output of the amplifier, in parallel with the oscilloscope probe or the audio millivoltmeter input.
When using high power outputs disconnect the loudspeakers to avoid Tweeters damage and connect in their place an 8 Ohm 20-30 Watt wirewound resistor.
Remember that VRMS output is equal to output Peak-to-Peak Voltage divided by 2.828.
RMS power output in Watts is equal to VRMS² divided by speaker impedance (usually 8 or 4 Ohm).
Example: set the output of the 1KHz sinewave generator to read 14V on the audio millivoltmeter (24.5W @ 8 Ohm). Set R2 until D3 illuminates, and be sure that D3 turns-off when diminishing a little the generators output.
Do the same with R7 for D4 and R6 for D5. The readings of the audio millivoltmeter must be 10V (12.5W @ 8 Ohm) and 4V (2W @ 8 Ohm) respectively.

Portable Microphone Preamplifier

High headroom input schemary, 9V Battery operation

This schema is mainly intended to provide common home stereo amplifiers with a microphone input. The battery supply is a good compromise: in this manner the input schema is free from mains low frequency hum pick-up and connection to the amplifier is more simple, due to the absence of mains cable and power supply. Using a stereo microphone the schema must be doubled. In this case, two separate level controls are better than a dual-ganged stereo potentiometer. Low current drawing (about 2mA) ensures a long battery life.
.

Circuit Operation:

The schema is based on a low noise, high gain two stage PNP and NPN transistor amplifier, using DC negative feedback through R6 to stabilize the working conditions quite precisely. Output level is attenuated by P1 but, at the same time, the stage gain is lowered due to the increased value of R5. This unusual connection of P1, helps in obtaining a high headroom input, allowing to cope with a wide range of input sources (0.2 to 200mV RMS for 1V RMS output).
.

Circuit diagram:
Portable

Portable

Portable Microphone Preamplifier Circuit Diagram

Parts:
P1 = 2.2K
R1 = 100K
R2 = 100K
R3 = 100K
R4 = 8.2K
R5 = 68R
R6 = 6.8K
R7 = 1K
R8 = 1K
R9 = 150R
C1 = 1uF-63V
C2 = 100uF-25V
C3 = 100uF-25V
C4 = 100uF-25V
C5 = 22uF-25V
Q1 = BC560
Q2 = BC550
Notes:

Harmonic distortion is about 0.1% @ 1V RMS output (all frequencies).
Maximum input voltage (level control cursor set at maximum) = 25mV RMS
Maximum input voltage (level control cursor set at center position) = 200mV RMS
Enclosing the schema in a metal case is highly recommended.
Simply connect the output of this device to the Aux input of your amplifier through screened cable and suitable connectors.

Video Switch for Intercom System Wiring diagram Schematic

Simple and easy Video Switch for Intercom System Circuit Diagram. Nowadays a lot of intercom units are equipped with video cameras so that you can see as well as hear who is at the door. Unfortunately, the camera lens is perfectly placed to serve as a sort of support point for people during the conversation, with the result that there’s hardly anything left see in the video imagery. One way to solve this problem is to install two cameras on the street side instead only one, preferably some distance apart. If you display the imagery from the two cameras alternately, then at least half of the time you will be able to see what is happening in front of the door. Thanks to the video switch module described here, which should be installed on the street side not too far away from the two cameras, you need only one monitor inside the house and you don’t need to install any additional video cables.

Circuit diagram :

Video Switch for Intercom System Circuit Diagram

Along with a video switch, the schema includes a video amplifier that has been used with good results in many other Elektor projects, which allows the brightness and the contrast to be adjusted separately. This amplifier is included because the distance between the street and the house may be rather large, so it is helpful to be able to compensate for cable attenuation in this manner. The switch stage is built around the well known 4060 IC, in which switches IC2a and IC2d alternately pass one of the two signals to the output. They are driven by switches IC2b and IC2c, which generate control signals that are 180 degrees out of phase. The switching rate for the video signals is determined by a clock signal from an ‘old standby’ 555 IC, which causes the signals to swap every 2 seconds with the speciﬁed com ponent values.

Naturally, this schema can also used in many other situations, such as where two cameras are needed for surveillance but only one video cable is available.

http://streampowers.blogspot.com/2012/06/video-switch-for-intercom-system_11.html

Friday, August 29, 2014

Dimmable Low Battery Indicator Wiring diagram Schematic

The schema of battery indicator consists of a 741 operational amplifier configured as a voltage comparator, using a zener diode as a reference voltage pattern. This schema can be adapted to work with battery between 6 and 18 V, and the only changes required would be a lower Zener voltage and current limit resistor in the case of low voltage below 9 V and greater for higher voltages.The adjustment is made with R2 which can be a trim pot.

Dimmable Low Battery Indicator Circuit Diagram

Dimmable

Simple Panel Frequency Meter Wiring diagram Schematic

This is a Simple Panel Frequency Meter Circuit Diagram to measure the frequency of 230V AC mains. When you connect it to the 230V AC line, the display shows the line frequency. Generally, the line frequency is 50 Hz, which may vary from 48 Hz to 52 Hz. Beyond this frequency range, sensitive equipment may start malfunctioning.

The AC mains supply is stepped down by transformer X1 to deliver a secondary output of 9V-0-9V AC, 250 mA. The secondary output of the transformer is rectified by diodes D1 and D2, filtered by capacitor C1 and given to regulator IC1 to produce regulated 6V DC. 9V AC is also connected to pins 2 and 6 of IC2 via resistor R1. Timer IC2 converts the sinewave frequency sample of AC mains into a square wave that is more suitable for the schema operation.

Simple Panel Frequency Meter Circuit Diagram

Simple

Fig. 1: The schema of the panel frequency meter

IC CD4093 (IC3) is used as an oscillator-cum-divider. The oscillator, wired around gate N1, produces 10Hz clock. Decade counter IC4 divides 10Hz clock by 10 to produce 1Hz clock. The output of gate N1 is fed back to its inputs via potentiometer VR1 and resistor R4. Capacitor C2 connected between the inputs of gate N1 and ground charges/discharges depending on the logic level at the output of gate N1. The values of VR1, R4 and C2 are selected to produce accurate 10Hz clock.

Decade counter IC CD4017 (IC4) divides the output of IC3 by 10 to provide one pulse per second. LED1 connected to pin 12 of IC4 gives one flash per second to indicate that the oscillator and the counter are working properly.

Top

Fig. 2: Top and bottom views of LTS543 common-cathode, 7-segment displays

This 1Hz clock is fed to clock pin 14 of decade counter IC CD4017 (IC5), whose Q0 output is given to pin 2 and the square wave produced by IC2 is given to pin 1 of AND gate N1. Therefore, the unknown frequency of AC mains line, applied to pin 1 of AND gate N1, passes through it for only one second and the number of clocks per second are counted by IC7 and IC8.

Decade counters/7-segment decoders IC7 and IC8 are cascaded to drive common-cathode, 7-segment displays DIS1 and DIS2 (each LTS543). DIS1 shows units place of the frequency and DIS2 shows tens place. The top and bottom views of LTS543 common-cathode, 7-segment displays are shown in Fig. 2.

This is an auto-reset schema. You can select the reset time of 1 second through 5 seconds using rotary switch S2, which is connected to reset pins of IC5, IC7 and IC8. For long-time display of the frequency, keep the knob of rotary switch S2 towards fifth position. Keeping rotary switch S2 to first position (minimum reset time) allows you to instantly see any variation in the supply frequency on the display. Also, while adjusting the generator frequency to mains frequency, keep rotary switch S2 towards first position.

Author: V. David Sourced By: EFY

Audio Peak Detector Wiring diagram Schematic

This audio peak detector allows a pair of stereo channels to be monitored on a sin-gle LED. Identical schemary is used in the left and right channels. Use is made of the switch-ing levels of Schmitt trigger NAND gates inside the familiar 4093 IC. The threshold level for gate IC1.A (IC1.B) is set with the aid of preset P1, which supplies a high-impedance bias level via R2 (R1).

Circuit diagram :

Simple Audio Peak Detector Circuit Diagram

When, owing to the instantaneous level of the audio signal superimposed on the bias voltage by C3 (C2), the dc level at pins 1 and 2 (5 and 6) of the Schmitt trigger gate drops below a certain level, the output of IC1.A (IC1.B) will go High. This level is copied to the input of IC1.C via D2 (D1) and due to the inverting action of IC1.C, LED D3 will light. Network R3-C1 provides some delay to enable very short audio peaks to be reliably indicated. Initially turn the wiper of P1 to the +12 V extreme — LED D3 should remain out.

Then apply ‘line’ level audio to K1 and K3, preferably music with lots of peaks (for example, drum ‘n bass). Carefully adjust P1 until the peaks in the music are indicated by D3. The schema has double RCA connectors for the left and right channels to obviate the use of those rare and expensive audio splitter (‘Y’) cables.

Source by streampowers

Thursday, August 28, 2014

1500W HiFi Power Amplifier Circuit

Circuit Power Amplifier has a power output of up to 1500W RMS, power amplifier circuit is often used to power sound systems needed to outdor. In a series of images can be seen the final power amplifier uses 10 sets of large power transistors for the ending.

This power amplifier circuit using a transistor amplifier starting from the front, signal splitter, driver and power amplifier. Current consumption required is quite large power amplifier that is 15-20 A for this 1500W power amplifier circuit. Supply voltage needed by the power amplifier in order to work optimally is symmetrical 130VDC (130VDC ground-+130 VDC). 1500W amplifier circuit below is a picture series of mono, if you want to create a stereo it is necessary to make 2 copies of the circuit. For more details can be viewed directly image following a series 1500W power amplifier.

1500W HiFi Power Amplifier with Transistors

In the above series 1500W power amplifer has been equipped to control the DC Offset function to set the power amplifier when turned on and no input signal then the output should 0VDC. Then it is also equipped with a bias flow regulator to the power amplifier. The final power amplifier section requires that sufficient coolant to absorb heat generated. Power amplifier is not equipped with speakers protectors, therefore it should diapsang speaker protector on the output for when the power amplifier is turned on does not happen the beat to the speakers that may damage the speaker.

Simple Positive Regulator Wiring diagram Schematic

In the Simple Positive Regulator Circuit Diagram, Ql and Q2 are connected in the classic SCR or thyristor configuration. Where higher input voltages or minimum component count are required, the schema for thyristor boost can be used.

Positive Regulator Circuit Diagram

positive regulator circuit diagram

The thyristor is running in a linear mode with its cathode as the control terminal and its gate as the output terminal. This is known as the remote base configuration.

Wireless receiver microphone circuit

Wireless

Just as in the transmitter circuit, the series of FM Wireless Microphone Receiver Hi Fi also uses an FM audio receiver module. Module used in the circuit FM Wireless Microphone Receiver Hi Fi has a good feture, namely audio FM receiver module has a function that is able to muffle the noise squel. Audio FM receiver module that is used in FM Wireless Microphone Receiver Hi Fi also does not require a lot of supporting components in the RF signal reception.

Audio FM receiver module only requires a 5 volt DC voltage source and a potentiometer P2 to set the threshold level of noise that will be muffled. Voltage source to an audio FM receiver module is also to go through the regulator is good, because if the quality of resources kuran it will generate noise. At the output line installed capacitors C3 and C4 as a couple and compensator for output in accordance with the amplifier or mixer (100mV rms).

receiver

Part Series FM Wireless Microphone Receiver Hi Fi

To provide an output signal according to the needs and stable output signal audio FM receiver module on FM Wireless Microphone Receiver Hi Fi is fed to an audio preamplifier which uses IC TLC272. Levelk audio signal set by potentiometer P1. As a voltage regulator for power source circuit FM Wireless Microphone Receiver Hi Fi LM7805 regulator IC is used.

Wednesday, August 27, 2014

Powerful Security Siren

This schema was requested by several correspondents. Its purpose was to obtain more power than the siren schema already available on this website (One-IC two-tones Siren) and to avoid the use of ICs. A complementary transistor pair (Q2 & Q3) is wired as a high efficiency oscillator, directly driving the loudspeaker. Q1 ensures a full charge of C2 when power is applied to the schema. Pressing on P1, C2 gradually discharges through R8: the schema starts oscillating at a low frequency that increases slowly until a high steady tone is reached and kept indefinitely. When P1 is released, the output tone frequency decreases slowly as C2 is charged to the battery positive voltage through R6 and the Base-Emitter junction of Q2. When C2 is fully charged the schema stops oscillating, reaching a stand-by status.

Parts:

P1 = SPST Pushbutton Operating Switch R1 = 1K R2 = 10K R3 = 1K R4 = 220R R5 = 10K R6 = 220K R7 = 22K R8 = 100K C1 = 22uF-25V C2 = 22uF-25V C3 = 10nF-63V C4 = 47uF-25V Q1 = BC557 Q2 = BC557 Q3 = BC337 B1 = 12V Battery SW1 = SPST Toggle or Slide Main Switch SPKR = 8 Ohms Loudspeaker

Notes:

* A good sized loudspeaker will ensure a better and powerful output tone. * As stand-by current drawing is zero, SW1 can be omitted and B1 wired directly to the schema. * Maximum current drawing at full output is about 200mA.

9 Volt Power Supply Wiring diagram Schematic Using IC 7809

Description

Circuit showing a 9 volt power supply . Here we have used a bridge rectifier and 7809 ic for making this schema.Where the ic regulate the output to 9 v,1 A .This voltage every time constant.Are you interested ?

Circuit diagram with Parts list.

Notes.

If a current of 300 mA or above is required, fit a proper heat sink to the IC 7809.
If 1A bridge is not available, make one using four 1N 4007 diodes.

Solid State Switch For Dc Operated Gadgets

This solid state DC switch can be assembled using just three transistors and some passive components. It can be used to switch on one gadget while switching off the second gadget with momentary operation of switch. To reverse the operation, you just have to momentarily depress another switch.

The schema operates over 6V-15V DC supply voltage. It uses positive feedback from transistor T2 to transistor T1 to keep this transistor pair in latched state (on/ off), while the state of the third transistor stage is the complement of transistor T2’s conduction state.

Initially when switch S3 is closed, both transistors T1 and T2 are off, as no forward bias is available to these, while the base of transistor T3 is effectively grounded via resistors R8 and R6 (shunted by the load of the first gadget). As a result, transistor T3 is forward biased and gadget 2 gets the supply. This is indicated by glowing of LED2.

Solid-State Switch For Dc-Operated Gadgets Circuit diagram :

Solid-State Switch For Dc-Operated Gadgets Circuit Diagram

When switch S1 is momentarily depressed, T1 gets the base drive and it grounds the base of transistor T2 via resistor R4. Hence transistor T2 (pnp) also conducts. The positive voltage available at the collector of transistor T2 is fed back to the base of transistor T1 via resistor R3. Hence a latch is formed and transistor T2 (as also transistor T1) continues to conduct, which activates gadget 1 and LED1 glows.

Conduction of transistor T2 causes its collector to be pulled towards positive rail. Since the collector of T2 is connected to the base of pnp transistor T3, it causes transistor T3 to cut off, switching off the supply to gadget 2) as well as extinguishing LED2. This status is maintained until switch S2 is momentarily pressed. Depression of switch S2 effectively grounds the base of transistor T1, which cuts off and thus virtually opens the base-emitter schema of transistor T2 and thus cutting it off. This is the same condition as was obtained initially. This condition can be reversed by momentarily pressing switch S1 as explained earlier.

EFY lab note. During testing, it was noticed that for proper operation of the schema, gadget 1 must draw a current of more than 100 mA (i.e. the resistance of gadget 1 must be less than 220 ohms) to sustain the latched ‘on’ state. But this stipulation is not applicable for gadget 2. A maximum current of 275 mA could be drawn by any gadget.

Author : Praveen Shanker - Copyright : EFY

Zero Crossing Detector Circuit

Zero Crossing Detector circuit is basically an application of a comparator. In the article series Zero Crossing Detector with Op Amp is built using a comparator of an Op Amp IC741/351. The process of detection of this comparator is 0Volt input signal crossing point by making reference value at comparator 0Volt.

The output of the Zero Crossing Detector circuit with Op Amp is wave-shaped box that detection result of the crossroads of 0 volt input signal.

Tuesday, August 26, 2014

Simple Sound Operated Switch Wiring diagram Schematic

This is a Simple Sound Operated Switch Circuit Diagram. This sound-operated switch will sense the ring of the phone and translate this to a lamp that will go on and off. The amplified signal across R2 reaches D1 through capacitor C2. The rectified audio signals provide a negative bias for Q2, a pnp transistor. This causes Q2 to conduct so the current that triggers SCR1 is provided at the gate. Potentiometer R4 sets the sensitivity. R3 and C3 delay the operating voltage for Ql so that the schema will not be triggered on by the sound of the on/off switch, SI or by the current surge. Set the lamp atop a TV receiver, turn it on and set the potentiometer so that a finger snap at two feet will trigger the lamp on. Place the speaker close to the telephone and give it a try.

Simple Sound Operated Switch Circuit Diagram

Simple

Rain and Water Alarm Wiring diagram Schematic

This is the schema diagram of Rain and Water Alarm schema. This schema generates alarm sound when its sensor is witted by water which make a short schema (connection) between X and Y. A tone of about 1kHz which can be hear while detecting water, is provided by a stable multivariate from timer IC 555.

The sensor when witted by water completes the schema and causes the 555 oscillate at about 1kHz. It has to placed generating an angle of about 30 – 45 degrees to the ground. This tends to make the rain water to flow over it towards the ground and prevents the alarm from going on because of the stored water on top of the sensor.

The metal implemented for making the sensor is required to be aluminum and not copper. This is simply because copper forms a blue oxide on its layer on prolonged exposure to moisture and needs to be cleaned on a regular basis.The aluminum foils may be secured to the wooden / plastic board via epoxy adhesive or small screws. The connection between X and Y from the sensor may be obtained by small crocodile clips or you could possibly use screws.

Rain and Water Alarm Circuit Diagram

Build

Supper Deluxe Charge Rate Limiter for Small Capacity NiCad Batteries

Here is a deluxe version of the simple charge rate limiter, using the same idea but with the ability to charge two packs simultaneously from a single wall charger. For schema description and parts list, see the simple charger page. Since wall chargers provide about 55mA, you should not use this dual schema to charge batteries at rates greater than 27mA (for a total of 54mA).

Monday, August 25, 2014

Car power amplifier with TA82010AH

IC TA8210AH is ic often used in amplifiers used in the room, It is suitable for power amplifiers car speakers taht fit and wear ell, surely this amplifier circuit works with a maximum also high quality. Supply voltage is not too high , only 12 VDC and is also good at high current. For high current amplifier power of the stronger . You can use the batteries that have current 10 A or higher . Power output up to 200W stereo with 8 Ohm impedance.

Part List :

R1 =1K
R2 =50K trim
R3 =1K
R4 =50K trim
R5 =680R
R6 =680R
R7 =150K
R8 =2R2
R9 =2R2
R10=2R2
R11=2R2
C1 =1uF
C2 =1uF
C3 =47uF
C4 =47uF
C5 =100n/400V
C6 =220uF
C7 =220uF
C8 =100n/400V
C9 =100n/400V
C10=100n/400V
IC1=TA8210AH
X2-3=in R
X2-2=gnd
X2-1=in L
X1-1,X1-2=Out R
X1-3,X1-4=Out L

Build a Cuckoo Sound Generator Circuit Schematic

This schema generates a two-tone effect very much alike the cuckoo song. It can be used for door-bells or other purposes thanks to a built-in audio amplifier and loudspeaker. Used as a sound effect generator it can be connected to external amplifiers, tape recorders etc. In this case, the built-in audio amplifier and loudspeaker may be omitted and the output taken across C8 and ground. There are two options: free running, when SW1 is left open, and one-shot, when SW1 is closed. In this case a two-tone cuckoo song will be generated at each P1 pressing.

Cuckoo Sound Generator Circuit diagram:

Parts:

R1,R5___________1K 1/4W Resistors
R2_____________50K 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
R3______________8K2 1/4W Resistor
R4_____________82K 1/4W Resistor
R6______________1M 1/4W Resistor
R7,R17,R20,R21_22K 1/4W Resistors
R8,R10,R11,R19_10K 1/4W Resistors
R9____________150K 1/4W Resistor
R12_____________4K7 1/4W Resistor
R13___________100K 1/4W Resistor
R14___________220R 1/4W Resistor
R15,R22________20K 1/2W Trimmers Cermet
R16____________10R 1/4W Resistor
R18___________200K 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
C1,C11_________47nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitors
C2,C10,C12____220µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C3____________220nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitor
C4_____________22nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitor
C5,C6,C8,C9___100nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitors
C7,C13,C14_____10µF 63V Electrolytic Capacitors
D1,D2,D3,D6__1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
D4,D5_________BAT46 100V 150mA Schottky-barrier Diodes
Q1,Q2_________BC547 45V 100mA NPN Transistors
IC1____________7555 or TS555CN CMos Timer IC
IC2____________4093 Quad 2 input Schmitt NAND Gate IC
IC3____________4017 Decade counter with 10 decoded outputs IC
IC4___________LM386 Audio power amplifier IC
P1_____________SPST Pushbutton
SW1____________SPST Switch
SPKR___________8 Ohm Loudspeaker

Circuit Dis....
IC1 is wired as a square wave generator and produces both tones of the cuckoo song. The frequency of the higher one (667Hz) is set by means of Trimmer R2. When IC2D output goes low, a further Trimmer (R22) is added to IC1 timing components via D6, and the lower tone (545Hz) is generated. To imitate closely the cuckoo song, the square wave output of IC1 is converted to a quasi-sinusoidal wave form by R3, R4, C3 and C4, then mixed with the white noise generated by Q1, R6.

Q2 has two purposes: it mixes the two incoming signals and gates the resulting tone, shaping its attack and decay behavior by means of the parts wired around its Emitter. IC4 is the audio power amplifier driving the speaker and R15 is the volume control. The various sound and pause timings for the schema are provided by the clock generator IC2A driving the decade counter IC3. Some output pins of this IC are gated by IC2C, IC2D and related components to drive appropriately the sound generator and the sound gate.

When SW1 is left open the schema operates in the free-running mode and the cuckoo song is generated continuously. When SW1 is closed, the schema generates two tones then stops, because a high state appears at the last output pin (#11) of the decade counter IC: therefore the count is inhibited by means of D1 feeding pin #13. The schema is reset by a positive pulse at pin #15 of IC3 when P1 is pressed.

Setup:

Best results will be obtained if the two tones frequencies are set precisely, i.e. 667Hz for the first tone and 545Hz for the second: in musical terms this interval is called a Minor Third. Obviously a digital frequency counter, if available, would be the best tool to setup R2 and R22, but you can use a musical instrument, e.g. a piano or guitar, tuning-up the notes accurately by ear.

Disconnect temporarily R22 from D6 anode.
Connect the digital frequency counter to pin 3 of IC1.
Adjust R2 in order to read 667Hz on the display.
Connect R22 to negative ground and adjust it to read 545Hz on the display.
Restore R22 - D6 connection.

Tuning by ear:

Disconnect temporarily R22 from D6 anode.
Disconnect C8 from Q2 Collector and connect it to R4, C4 and C5 junction.
Adjust R2 in order that the tone generated by the loudspeaker is at the same pitch of the reference note generated by your musical instrument. This reference note will be the E written on the stave in the fourth space when using the treble clef.
Connect R22 to negative ground and adjust it in order that the tone generated by the loudspeaker is at the same pitch of the reference note generated by your musical instrument. This second reference note will be the C-sharp written on the stave in the third space when using the treble clef.
Restore R22 - D6 and C8 to Q2 Collector connections.

Notes:

The master clock can be adjusted by means of R18.
The percentage of hiss and sound in the mixing schema, setting the tone character, can be varied changing R8 and R7 values respectively.
Any kind of dc voltage supply in the 12 - 15V range can be used, but please note that supply voltages below 12V will prevent operation of the white noise generator.
An amusing application of this schema is to use a photo-resistor in place of P1, then placing the unit near the flashing lamps of your Christmas tree. A sweet cuckoo song will be heard each time the lamp chosen will illuminate.

Source: Red Free Circuit Design

Discharge the large electrolytic capacitor load

If the switching regulator fails to work or fail to start, then it is usually of the electrolytic capacitor is storing charge. There are habits of some engineers dumping electrolyte capacitor like this using solder. This is actually a poor habit. Because without them knowing things like this sometimes can lead to broken solder element.

Why this may happen?

Elco

Electrolytic

Note that the voltage on the electric charge of the electrolyte capacitor is 300V. While working voltage 220v only solder element. If the charge on the electrolytic capacitors are still full and the 220u electrolytic capacitors or more then this electric charge can only damage the solder element.

Another bad habit of throwing of the electrolytic capacitor is to download shortkan legs electrolyte capacitor with a screwdriver. It is no possibility of damaging electrolytic capacitor itself, in which connection leg electrolyte capacitor is no risk in it will burn.

How should the dumping of the electrolytic capacitors?

Always provide a resistor with a value of about 30k ~ 50k/2w
If the correct power supply to the problem fails to work, then the resistor is normally for a while we solder directly on the legs of of the electrolytic capacitor. And if the problem is ok, the new resistor is removed.

How to build Switching Regulator Wiring diagram Schematic operating at 200Khz

Build a Switching Regulator Circuit Diagram operating at 200Khz. This Switching Regulator Circuit Diagram provides a regulated dc with less than 100 mV of ripple for microprocessor applications. Necessary operating voltages are taken from the bleeder resistor network connected across the unregulated 28 V supply.

Switching Regulator Circuit Diagram operating at 200Khz

Switching

The output of the LM710 comparator (actually an oscillator running at 200 kHz) is fed through a leveNshifting schema to the base of bipolar transistor Q2 This transistor is part of a bootstrap schema necessary to turn the power MOSFET full on in totem-pole MOSFET arrays.

Sunday, August 24, 2014

Stereo Balance Indicator

Stereo

Mechanical deficiencies that affect the reproduction of sound in a stereo amplifier is probably what you are thinking, armpit all the problems have been overcome. And actually bigger role than we know. True, the effect is so small that only a few of us who record it, or divert it to other things.

Most of such shortcomings can be traced back toto the stereo volume control ,maybe two in the no -stepresistance . As a result, the volume difference arises between the two channels and can usually be in balance again by the regulator balance. If you intend to define these differences precisely, stereo balance these indicators can fulfill your purpose.

stereo

Stereo Balance Indicator circuit

Quite simply, this circuit by connecting the output terminal and the right channel loudspeaker left channel of the amplifier and feed the same signal, should sinusoid (or cues mono) to the second input channel amplifier. If then the signals at both terminals tarafnya exact same loudspeakers, meters (zero in the middle) in the indicator of this balance will not deviate. However, if the signal level in the left channel is higher than the right channel meter will deviate to the left (or right if the opposite occurs). In this regulatory balance can be set up to read something about zero feet again, then the effect of volume control tracking error can be eliminated.

Trimpot P1 on balance the indicator should be set for full scale meter deflection, when only one channel worked.

30W TDA3000 intregated audio amplifier

This circuit based on IC TDA3000 or you can use IC TDA2870 , minimum voltage require 12 volts and maximum voltage require 35 volts DC. Maximum ouput power 30 Watts mono audio amplifier with 4 Ohm impedance. see below the circuit :

Simple Switching Regulator Wiring diagram Schematic

This is the simple switching regulator schema diagram. The LTC10432 switched-capacitor building block provides nonoverlapping complementary drive to the Ql to Q4 power MOSFETs. The MOSFETs are arranged so that Cl and C2 are alternately placed in series and then parallel. During the series phase, the + 12 V battery`s current flows through both capacitors, charging them, and furnishing load current.

During the parallel phase, both capacitors deliver current to the load. Ql and Q2 receive similar drive from pins 3 and 11. The diode-resistor networks provide additional nonoverlapping drive characteristics, preventing simultaneous drive to the series-parallel phase switches. Normally, the output would be one-half of the supply voltage, but C1 and its associated components close a feedback loop, forcing the output to 5 V. With the schema in the series phase, the output heads rapidly positive.

When the output exceeds 5 V, Cl trips, forcing the LTC1043 oscillator pin, trace D, high; this truncates the LTC1043`s triangular-wave oscillator cycle. The schema is forced into the parallel phase and the output coasts down slowly, until the next LTC1043 clock cycle begins. Cl`s output diode prevents the triangle down-slope from being affected and the 100-pF capacitor provides sharp transitions. The loop regulates the output to 5 V by feedback controlling the turn-off point of the series phase.

Simple Switching Regulator Circuit Diagram

Saturday, August 23, 2014

Build a Solar Garden Light Wiring diagram Schematic

This is a Solar Garden Light Circuit Diagram that consists of a very simple system garden lighting that can be done by using some common electronic parts and a small solar panel. The electronic design is simple yet very efficient, has the advantage of being solar powered, it requires only one transistor, one 2.5 volt solar panel and some other common electronic components you can remove junk.

This solar lighting system automatically turns on the LEDs when the solar panel detects no light turns off when the solar panel produces more than 1v and charges the battery when the panel produces more than 2.1V

The coils in this schema require a core material F29 and they must be made with wire of 0.095 mm in core 2.6x6mm. "This schema uses the system joule thief (joule thief) to provide voltage necessary for the LED, so other coils can be tested.

Solar Garden Light Circuit Diagram

Solar

DC fan control circuit for power amplifier

DC fan control circuit for power amplifier .Variable speed DC fanThis series of works based on the input signal. Speed / fan rotation depending on size of the input signal coming from speaker lines. If there is no signal then the fan will spin slowly according to the setting VR1.Input supply can be taken directly from the main transformer power amplifier, 12V CT 12V, so no need to increase the transformer again.

Circuit Schematic Electronics | CSE

This circuit has been tested and do not cause buzzing.correction: the lowest R: 560 ohm

Simple 2 Door Annunciator Wiring diagram Schematic

Security system or alarms such as doorbell and Door Annunciator are most wanted in industries and institutional use. This is a Simple 2 Door Annunciator Circuit Diagram. When the push buttons at either door are depressed, this schema generates a different tone for each door. Tones are generated by phase-shift oscillator Q1/Q2. Q3 provides tone frequency change by changing the phase-shift network. U2 and U3 are timers for the tones and Q4/Q5 interface the timers with the push buttons.

Simple 2 Door Annunciator Circuit Diagram

7812 voltage stabilizer

7812

To obtain a pure DC voltage, then we must consider the regulation voltages and currents that we change from AC to DC current. For that we need some settings that can support our own making and its components were easy to get in the electronics market.

Read more

Friday, August 22, 2014

TDA2004 stereo bridge audio amplifier

tda2004

Most of the lovers, especially in audio electronics, it will never escape from this one component of the IC TDA2004. Because these components are very easy to get and the price is also quite cheap. Amplfiier audio series was also quite easy to make because the circuit is not too complicated, and one ic also already has 2 outputs and inputs.

Not only that, the audio is processed from the IC is also well qualified, many power power branded car, using it as an amplifier ic. Nothing mistake this ic tried to make an audio amplifier. For the circuit scheme can be seen below.

schematic

with this amplifier circuit you can easily enhance your audio levels, from your stereo walkman, Ipod, tuner, MP3 player or MP4, the portable receiver, laptops or PCs

Simple 6V lamp Flasher Wiring diagram Schematic

This is a simple lamp flasher schema diagram.Here you can use 6V lamp.I have added this for my bike.oh it is great at night I have used blue color bulb.

Note

# Dont supply over 6V for this schema
# Build this schema on a PCB

OBD Vehicle Protection Wiring diagram Schematic

vehicle immobilisers are fitted as standard to modern cars and heavy goods vehicles. Anti-theft mechanisms have become more sophisticated but so have the methods employed by crooks. Nowadays once the thief has gained access to a vehicle they will most likely use an electronic deactivation tool which seeks to disable the immobiliser, once this has been accomplished a blank transponder key/card can be used to start the engine. In many cases communication with the immobiliser is made using the OBD-II diagnostic connector.

Although the OBD-II protocol itself does not support the immobiliser, the vehicle manufacturer is free to use the interface as neces-sary for communication, either the standard OBD-II signals or unused pins in the OBD-II connector (i.e. those undefined in the OBD-II standard). Using one of these pathways the immobiliser can usually be electronically disabled.

OBD Vehicle Protection Circuit Diagram

OBD-Vehicle-Protection-Circuit

This may be unsettling news for owners of expensive vehicles but when professional car-thieves call, armed with the latest OBD-II hacking equipment this simple low-cost low-tech solution may be all that you need. The idea is ver y simple: if all connections to the OBD-II connector are disconnected there is no possibility for any equipment, no matter how sophisticated to gain access via the vehicle’s wiring.

The OBD-II connector is usually locate d underneath the dashboard on the passenger side; once its wiring loom has been identified a switch can be inserted in line with the wires. The switch should be hidden away some-where that is not obvious. In normal opera-tion you will be protected if the vehicle is run with the wires to the socket disconnected. Make sure however that you throw the switch reconnecting the socket before you next take the vehicle along to a garage for servicing or fault diagnosis.

The diagram shows the ISO K and ISO L wires switched. To cover all bases it is wise for every wire to the socket is made switchable except the two earth connections on pins 4 and 5 and the supply voltage on pin 16. Almost ever y vehicle manufacturer has their own method of vehicle immobilisation, by disconnecting every wire it ensures that no communication is possible (even over the CAN bus). Now the innermost workings of your vehicle will be safe from prying eyes. When a hacker plugs in a deactivation tool it will power up as normal but probably report something like ‘protocol unrecognised’ when any communication with the OBD port is attempted.

Author : Florian Schäffer - Copyright: Elektor

Thursday, August 21, 2014

Simple Portable Nicad Battery Charger Wiring diagram Schematic

This is a Simple Portable Nicad Battery Charger Circuit Diagram. This Simple Portable Nicad Battery Charger Circuit Diagram was designed to charge NiCad battery packs in the range of 4.8 to 15.6 V from a convenient remote power source, such as an automobile batter.

Portable Nicad Battery Charger Circuit Diagram

Portable

When power is first applied to the schema, a small bias current supplied by Rl via winding Wl, starts to turn on the transistor TRl. This forces a voltage across W2 and the positive feedback given by the coupling of Wl and W201uses the transistor to turn hard on, applying the full supply across W2. The base drive voltage induced across Wl makes the junction between Rl and R2 become negative with respect to the 0-V supply, forward-biasing diode Dl to provide the necessary base current to hold TRl on.

With the transistor on, a magnetizing current builds up in W2, which eventually saturates the ferrite core of transformer Tl. This results in a sudden increase on the collector current flowing through TRl, causing its collector-emitter voltage to rise, and thus reducing the voltage across W2.

The current flowing in W2 forces the collector voltage of the TRl to swing positive until restricted by transformer output loading. Rc network R4 and C3limits the turn off transient TRl. R3 and C2 maintain the loop gain of the schema when diode Dl is not conducting.

Simple IR Remote Control Extender Wiring diagram Schematic

Description:
An Infra Red wired Repeater schema to control appliances from a remote location.

Parts List:
R1: 1k Resistor (1)R2: 3.3k Resistor (1)
R3: 10k Resistor (1)
R4: 15k Resistor (1)
R5: 2k2 Resistor (1)
R6: 470R Resistor (1)
R7: 47R Resistor (1) 0.5 Watt
PR1: 4.7k Preset (1)
C1,C3: 47u Elect(2)
C2: 1n Polyester 5% or better (1)
C4: 100u Elect(1)
Z1: 5V1 Zener (1)
Q1: BC549C or BC109C or 2N2222 (1)
Q2: BC337 or BC549 or ZTX450 (1)
IC1 : TSOP1738
IC2: 555 or 7555 (1)
LED1 5mm RED (1)
LED2,3 IR diode TIL38 or similar (2)

Alternatives to IC1 :
Everlight IR receiver module ELIRM 8621
Harrison electronics IR1
Vishay TSOP 1838
Radio Shack 276-0137
Sony SBX 1620-12
Sharp GP1U271R

Notes:

The signal emitted by an IR remote control contains two parts, the control pulses and a modulated carrier wave. The control pulses are used to modulate the carrier, a popular modulation frequency being 36 and 42KHz. The signal is radiated by an IR diode, typical wavelengths in the 850 and 950 nm region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Although this light is invisible to the human eye, it can be seen as a bright spot with a camcorder or digital camera.

In this schema, the TSOP1738 IR module removes the carrier leaving only the slower control pulses ( 1 - 3KHz) which appear at the output. R1, C1 and Z1 form a smoothed 5 Volt supply for the IR module. Under quiescent conditions (no input signal) the output of the IR module is high. Transistor Q1 will be on, resulting in a low collector voltage, restting the 555 oscillator. Q1 also acts as a level shifter, converting the 5 Volt output signal to 12 Volts for the 555 timer. When an IR signal is received, decoded control pulses turn Q1 off and on. Each time Q1 turns off, pin 4 of the 555 timer goes high and an oscillation will be produced for the duration of each data pulse.

The 555 is wired as an equal mark/space ratio oscillator, the timing resistor R4, being connected back to the output of the timer, pin 3. The timing capacitor C2 is the other component in the timing chain. The pulse duration at pin 3 is defined as:-

T = 1.4 R4 C2

As the timing is crucialthe capacitor should have a tolerance of 5% or better and the power supply should be regulated. To allow for tolerance in components a 4k7 preset resistor is wired in series with R4. This adjustment allows R4 to be 15k to 19.7K creating output pulses of 21us and 27.58 us. As frequency is the reciprocal of periodic time then the oscillator adjustment is from 36.2Khz to 47KHz, allowing fine tuning for almost any appliance.

The final output stage uses a BC337 transistor in emitter follower. The output pulse will not be inverted, and the current through the IR photo emitters is around 30 mA dc. This is of course an average value, measured with a digital multimeter. The red led as always, is a visible indication that an input signal has been received. The schema may be modified to use a fixed resistor in the timing chain as shown below. In this example a voltage regulator is also recommended to prevent changes in supply voltage altering the output pulse.

Setup and Testing:
Remove LED 2 and 3 and apply power. With no input signal LED 1 should be off. Press a button on a remote control in the same room as the schema. LED 1 should flicker. If all is well, connect LEDs 2 and 3 and point them in the direction of the appliance (TV or VCR etc). The cable to the LEDs can exceed 100 metres if necessary, ordinary loudspeaker cable or bell wire is suitable. Set preset PR1 midway initially, it should work for all equipment. Most equipment is tolerant to within 5% so if you have for example a video that works at 42kHz and a TV that works at 38Kz tuning the modulation to 40KHz should allow both devices to operate. Any troublesome equipment, for example an Echostar receiver repeatedly press abutton on the handset while tuning PR1, you will find that it operates at some point. One IR LED may be used in place of LED2 & 3, but if there are two appliance in the same room, but in different locations, LED 2 can be aimed at a video, while LED3 aimed at a CD player for example. Below is how I discretely placed a photo emitter and plastered it directly into the wall:

Modifications:
An alternative output configuration is shown below. This uses a MOSFET to replace the original BC337 transistor. My thanks to Pete Griffiths for this modification and diagram.

Compatability:
If you make either the Mark 3 or 4 schema please let me know if it works and the make and model of your remote control. I will add this to the database of compatible handsets below:- link

Aiwa RC-ZVR01
Denon RC 554
Denon RC 921
Denon RC 924
Echostar T22605AA-00 * troublesome required careful tuning of PR1 to work
Kameleon One for all remote (URC-8060) Goodmans 97P1R2CPA1
Grundig SRC2
JVC LP20878-002
Matsui 28WN04
Mitsubishi 290P103A10
Mitsubishi EUR647003
NAD HTR2 (multi remote)
One for All 9910
Panasonic EUR511200
Philips RC6512
Pioneer AXD7323
Pioneer DV444
Pioneer VXX2801
Radioshack 1995
Saisho VR3300X
Sony RM-533
Sony RM-887
Sony RMT-V240
Sony RM-S325
Sony RM-DX50
Sony RM-U215
Sony RM-839
Sony RM-SCEX1
Sony RM-S336
Sony RM-D43M
Sony VCR
Technics EUR64713

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